数千年来，马铃薯一直都是秘鲁膳食中必不可少的食物。考古证据显示，马铃薯在秘鲁安第斯山区的种植至少有8000年的历史，并且最近的研究表明马铃薯的起源中心位于秘鲁，就在的的喀喀湖的北侧。
现在，秘鲁的农民们种植四种马铃薯——Solanum tuberosum和其他三种安第斯山区专有的马铃薯品种。
秘鲁也是拉丁美洲最大的马铃薯生产国，2007年取得接近340万吨的创纪录产量。
在秘鲁，主要的马铃薯生产区域为Huánuco、Huancavelica、Junín、Apurímac、Ayacucho和Arequipa。
秘鲁年人均马铃薯消费量达到80公斤的高水平。马铃薯主要由小农生产，通常种植在海拔2500米到4500米的安第斯山脉中部地区，而沿海较小范围的谷地则采用灌溉系统的商业化生产。
在秘鲁马铃薯中发现的大量遗传多样性被认为受到新的商业品种的“威胁”，而这些商业品种的种植通常是为了满足城市消费者的喜好。为了帮助保存该国丰富的马铃薯遗产，秘鲁政府于2008年7月创建了全国性的秘鲁本地马铃薯品种名录。（来源：国际马铃薯年）
农业数据 秘鲁
| Potato Production in 2017 : | 4776290.00 | tonnes | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Area Harvested in 2017 : | 310400.00 | ha | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Yield in 2017 : | 153875.00 | hg/ha | Calculated data | ℹ |
| Sweet Potato Production in 2017 : | 256434.00 | tonnes | Official data | ℹ |
| Sweet Potato Yield in 2017 : | 181008.00 | hg/ha | Calculated data | ℹ |
| Sweet Potato Area Harvested in 2017 : | 14167.00 | ha | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Production in 2016 : | 4400300.00 | tonnes | Official data | ℹ |
消费数据 秘鲁
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2013: | 82.50 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2013: | 7.02 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2012: | 80.85 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2012: | 7.35 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2011: | 81.08 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2011: | 7.55 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2010: | 77.92 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
