Distribution
Spodoptera frugiperda is distributed in North, Central, and South America, Africa, and India (CABI 2018a) (image below). S. frugiperda is on the EPPO A1 list of quarantine pests and is intercepted occasionally in Europe on imported plant material (CABI 2018b). S. eridania occurs throughout southern USA, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. It is not established in Europe (CABI 2018c). Mamestra configurata is restricted to North America (Canada, USA, Mexico) (CABI 2018d).