豆类（如豌豆、小扁豆）咸味零食

Yes, but selectively. Legume snacks are unlikely to fully replace traditional snacks in indulgence-driven segments. However, they can significantly displace them in health-focused, premium and functional snacking categories, potentially capturing 20–40% of the market where nutrition and sustainability are decision drivers.

Processing methods like extrusion and roasting improve digestibility and texture but can reduce heat-sensitive nutrients. The challenge lies in optimizing time–temperature–moisture conditions to preserve protein quality and micronutrients while delivering crunch, flavor and shelf stability acceptable to consumers.

They are nutritionally superior in measurable terms, offering higher protein, fiber and micronutrient density with a lower glycemic response. However, perception plays a role; excessive oil, sodium or flavoring can erode these benefits, making formulation integrity critical.

High protein levels (>30%) can reduce expansion, increase hardness and negatively affect mouthfeel. Protein–starch balance, particle size and moisture control are key constraints, often requiring isolates, hydrocolloids or hybrid formulations to maintain acceptable texture.

Flavor familiarity and cultural habits remain major barriers. Beany off-notes, unfamiliar textures and consumer skepticism toward plant proteins can reduce trial and repeat purchase, highlighting the importance of flavor masking, fermentation and consumer education.

Legume snacks outperform many plant-based alternatives because pulses improve soil health through nitrogen fixation and require less water and fertilizer. This makes them not just plant-based, but regenerative-friendly, offering deeper sustainability credentials than grain-based snacks.

With targeted fortification, low glycemic formulations and protein optimization, legume snacks can support diabetes management, sports recovery and micronutrient supplementation, positioning them as crossover products between snacks and clinical nutrition.

Earlier processing technologies struggled with legume texture, off-flavors and expansion behavior. Only recent advances in extrusion, fermentation and flavor science have made it possible to transform traditional pulses into modern, sensory-acceptable snack formats.

Potentially. Their combination of low glycemic load, high protein and fiber makes them suitable for population-level interventions addressing obesity and diabetes, especially in urban and time-constrained societies.